Abstract Blast-induced vibration may be harmful to facilities in the vicinity of operating mines, mainly causing structural damage and human discomfort. This study presents an application of multivariate statistics to predict vibration levels regarding their potential to cause structural damage and human discomfort. An extensive seismic monitoring campaign was executed in a large open-pit iron ore mine, near a small village, to gather a dataset for a predictive multivariate analysis. Ten blasting events have produced a dataset of 158 valid measurements. Three classes of vibration peak velocity were adopted from legal standards, which later supported a cluster analysis. Then, it was possible to compare how much these two classification modalities respond to discriminant analysis. The next step was to carry out a principal component analysis (PCA) from the original database, and, comparatively, to plot both the scores concerning the classes derived from the vibration standard and those from the groups obtained from cluster analysis. PCA has considerably explained the data variability, while the three classes from cluster analysis resulted very similar to the corresponding ones from the vibration standards. The results have demonstrated that multivariate statistics may be applied to manage blasting-induced vibration and its deleterious effects with few adjustments and automation.

Abstract Vertebrates, overall, present a daily activity pattern when managing their needs, such as foraging, resting or searching for sexual partners. Most of the available information regarding the circadian rhythm in birds comes from controlled laboratory conditions, and little is known about these patterns in the wild. In this study we used camera traps to describe the daily activity patterns of three cracid species in the Pantanal of Rio Negro, Brazil. We had a sampling effort of 9,617 camera trap-days along 231 days (5,544 hours) from September 2013 to May 2014. This resulted in 4,833 independent records of cracids from a total of 7,713 individuals. Crax fasciolata was the species with the most records (nrec = 3,792) and individuals (nind = 5,781), followed by Ortalis canicollis (nrec = 934; nind = 1,758) and Aburria grayi (nrec = 107; nind = 174). None of the species was uniformly distributed throughout the day, thus evidencing a periodization of their activities. The mean vectors of the activity patterns of C. fasciolata, O. canicollis and A. grayi were, respectively, mμ = 10:36 ± 04:26 (SD), mμ = 11:42 ± 03:57 and mμ = 11:44 ± 03:47. We observed a temporal overlap between A. grayi and O. canicollis, whereas C. fasciolata significantly differed from them. Because of their large home ranges, cracids are important indicators of environmental quality, and, as frugivores, they play key roles in the ecological dynamics of forests. In this sense, and given that cracids are notably more susceptible to extinction, the knowledge on their circadian activity patterns may be useful when establishing effective management and conservation strategies.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass production and the potential use of the elephant grass hybrid Carajas for animal feeding and bioenergy production under different cutting frequencies. A randomized block design with a 3×3 factorial arrangement was used to evaluate the potential of the grass as animal feed (in natura, silage and hay form; cutting at 60, 75 and 90 days). A randomized block design with three treatments (three cutting intervals, 60, 75 and 90 days) was also used to evaluate the grass for biomass production and its potential use as an energy source in briquette form. The total forage biomass, leaf blade and stem biomass, dry matter, neutral and acid detergent fiber contents, mass and higher heating value increased with cutting interval, whereas the crude protein, ash and moisture contents decreased with cutting interval. Regardless of the cutting interval, the in natura material presented higher values of all content parameters than silage and hay. The Carajas hybrid can be used as animal feed in in natura, silage and hay form, and the recommended cutting interval for use as animal feed is 60 days. The Carajas hybrid also shows potential for use in bioenergy production in briquette form, with a suggested cutting interval of 90 days.

Resumen El objetivo fue evaluar la producción de biomasa y el potencial de uso del híbrido de pasto elefante 'Carajas' para la alimentación animal y la producción de bioenergía, en diferentes edades de corte. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar con arreglo factorial 3 × 3 para evaluar el potencial del pasto como alimento para animales (in natura, silo y heno a 60, 75 y 90 días) y un diseño de bloques al azar con tres tratamientos (tres edades de corte) 60, 75 y 90 días) para la evaluación de la hierba para la producción de biomasa y el potencial energético de las briquetas. Biomasa forrajera total, biomasa de la lámina foliar y biomasa del tallo, materia seca, contenido de fibra detergente neutro y ácido, masa y aumenta el poder calorífico con el avance de la edad de la planta, mientras que los contenidos de proteína cruda, ceniza y humedad disminuyeron. Independientemente de la edad de corte, el material in natura presentó mayores contenidos que el ensilado y el heno. El híbrido Carajas puede utilizarse como alimento para animales en forma de in natura, silo y heno, con recomendación de corte a los 60 días, y muestra potencial para la producción de bioenergía a través de briquetas, con sugerencia de corte a los 90 días.

Resumen La evaluación de la sostenibilidad ambiental de explotaciones en la minería a cielo abierto se ocupa del desarrollo y la aplicación de un modelo matemático innovador para la evaluación de la sostenibilidad ambiental basada en las características y estándares de calidad de varios parámetros de los cuatro componentes ambientales principales (atmósfera, litosfera, hidrosfera y biosfera). Debido a la gran complejidad de los parámetros ambientales en la minería a cielo abierto, el modelo matemático desarrollado fue validado solo para la vibración del suelo y el chorro de aire en minas a cielo abierto brasileñas grandes y pequeñas. En ambos casos, los focos de investigación son la incomodidad humana y el daño estructural.

Abstract Assessment of blasts environmental sustainability in open pit mining deals with the development and application of an innovative mathematical model for environmental sustainability evaluation based on characteristics and quality standards of several parameters of the main four environmental components (atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere). Due to the great complexity of environmental parameters in open pit mining, the developed mathematical model was validated for only ground vibration and airblast in small and large Brazilian open pit mines. In both cases, the research focuses are human discomfort and structural damage.

ABSTRACT This paper presents a detailed analysis about the implementation of a washout filter on the SIVOR (Simulador de Voo Robótico - Robotic Flight Simulator) project. The main objective of this project is to develop, on an anthropomorphic robot, a flight simulator which can be used as an Engineering Development System (EDS) and a pilot training platform, capable of providing feelings the pilot would only have in more intensive maneuvers, such as losses/gains of G in aircraft flight tests. The SIVOR project also has the objective of providing a cost-efficient and flexible tool that can be used during the design phases of aircrafts. One of the demanded features of such simulator is a representative behavior of its motion system, which is achieved by an adequate implementation of the washout filter. To the best knowledge of the authors, there are no works in the literature that present a detailed discussion about the implementation of a classical washout filter in such flight simulator, especially when the translational channel is used to its limits. Experimental results to support the proposed solutions are presented herein.

Abstract The pampas cat is a small felid that occurs in open habitats throughout much of South America. Previous studies have revealed intriguing patterns of morphological differentiation and genetic structure among its populations, as well as molecular evidence for hybridization with the closely related L. tigrinus. Here we report phylogeographic analyses encompassing most of its distribution (focusing particularly on Brazilian specimens, which had been poorly sampled in previous studies), using a novel dataset comprising 2,143 bp of the mitogenome, along with previously reported mtDNA sequences. Our data revealed strong population strutucture and supported a west-to-east colonization process in this species’ history. We detected two population expansion events, one older (ca. 200 thousand years ago [kya]) in western South America and another more recent (ca. 60-50 kya) in eastern areas, coinciding with the expansion of savanna environments in Brazil. Analyses including L. tigrinus individuals bearing introgressed mtDNA from L. colocola showed a complete lack of shared haplotypes between species, indicating that their hybridization was ancient. Finally, we observed a close relationship between Brazilian/Uruguayan L. colocola haplotypes and those sampled in L. tigrinus, indicating that their hybridization was likely related to the demographic expansion of L. colocola into eastern South America.

Abstract The developments of applied RFID technology overcome all supposedly insurmountable obstacles and limits because it allows monitoring everything that moves in the mine. These features make it possible to apply such technology for the comprehensive safety plan of the underground mine. For instance, this research paper presents "online" RFID technology applied to a full safety system for underground mines exploited by any mining method. This technology allows the identification of each worker, their functions and localization in the mine. On the other hand, it is applicable to the identification of the underground mine equipment and their movement, thus permitting to control productivity and safety.

Resumo Jaguatiricas possuem um papel fundamental em comunidades ecológicas como mesopredadores, afetando níveis tróficos inferiores e também outros mesopredadores. Esta espécie possui uma grande variabilidade em suas características ecológicas em toda a sua distribuição, no entanto, o conhecimento desta espécie possui lacunas em vários locais onde ela ocorre. Neste trabalho, nós apresentamos o primeiro estudo desta espécie no semiárido brasileiro da Caatinga. Ambientes áridos podem afetar negativamente as espécies carnívoras e, aliado a alterações antrópicas, esta espécie pode ser levada a extinção local se sua densidade populacional é baixa. Portanto, para verificar o nível populacional da jaguatirica em uma região protegida da Caatinga, instalamos armadilhas fotográficas, entre setembro de 2009 e janeiro de 2010. Com os dados obtidos, calculamos a densidade desta espécie através de métodos espacialmente explícitos (SECR). A densidade estimada da jaguatirica foi de 3.16 ± 0.46 indivíduos por 100 km2. Esta estimativa é muito baixa para esta espécie, o que pode ser um reflexo das condições áridas deste ambiente. Um estudo populacional de maior duração pode ajudar a responder se esta baixa densidade é o suficiente para a persistência desta espécie a longo prazo tanto neste, quanto em outros ambientes áridos onde ela ocorre.

Abstract Ocelots play a key role in ecological communities as mesopredators affecting the lower trophic level and other mesopredators. They show great variability in ecological traits across their distribution, but knowledge of this species is missing in several regions where it occurs. Here, we present the first study of ocelot in the Brazilian semiarid of Caatinga. Arid habitats might keep carnivore population density low and therefore vulnerable to environmental shocks and to human-induced changes, at risk of local extinction. To assess their population status, we used camera traps between September 2009 and January 2010. We estimated the density of ocelots using a spatially explicit capture-recapture method (SECR) to be 3.16 ± 0.46 individuals per 100 km2. This is a low-density estimate for ocelots, which might reflect the harsh conditions of the arid habitat. A longer population study of the ocelot can answer if this low population density is enough for a long-term persistence of this species in this and other arid environments.

Objective: Show the epidemiological profile of limb fractures in victim of motorcycle accident seen at the Emergency Department of Hospital Universitário Evangélico de Curitiba (HUEC), Curitiba, PR, Brazil, from January 2007 to December 2013, as well as to compare the results with data from the literature.Methods:This is a retrospective, descriptive, observational study. The information was obtained from the analysis of all the medical records from January 2007 to December 2013 belonging to the hospital archives. Only extremity fractures cases from motorcycle accident victims were analyzed, according to the medical records and radiological reports. The ICD-10 was used as classification criterion, and the fractures were grouped depending on the topography of the injury. The following variables were considered: number of victims, gender, age and fracture site, in order to create a database to contrast with the literature.Results: During seven years, 3,528 motorcycle accident victims have been identified, 88.29% being male, whereas 11.71% being female. The average age of the victims was 29.7 years old, observing a strong inverse correlation between the number of victims and their ages. There has been 4,365 fractures, being 59.66% in lower limbs and 40.34% in upper limbs. From that total, 18.14% were leg fractures, 11.57% were hand fractures and 10.65% were wrist fractures.Conclusion: This study has met its objectives and the results were similar to the national literature. Level of Evidence II, Retropective Study.

Reduction of five substituted octalones employing lithium tri-sec-butylborohydride (L-selectride®) in THF and ethyl ether led to allylic alcohols with moderate diastereoselectivity. The stereoselectivity of addition of bulky hydrides showed to be different from most examples in the literature and was strongly influenced by substitution on the octalone ring.

Emas National Park is a very importam Conservation Unit in the Cerrado Biome. Nevertheless the fauna of this region is still poorly known. In this study, a revised list of the mammal fauna of the Emas National Park with comments about the composition and the number of species surveyed is presented. Eighty six species of mammals were recorded in the Park and neighboring area, including several rare and threatened species, like the bush dog (Speothos venaticus (Lund, 1842)), Marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus (Illiger, 1815)) and others. The giant rat (Kunsia tomentosus (Lichtenstein, 1830)) was recorded for the first time in a conservation unit. On the other hand, species usually very common in the Cerrado biome, don't occur in Emas National Park: the brazilian rabbit (Sylvilagus brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758)), marmosets (Callithrix spp.), and the punaré (Thrichomys apereoides (Lund, 1841)).

A case of partial albinism in the pampas deer, recorded at the Emas National Park, Goiás, Brazil is described. The coat color and behaviour of the albino are compared with normal pampas deer.